风力机叶片气动噪声的影响参数*

随着风力机的大型化，风电机组对环境的影响不容忽视，必须对风力机气动噪声进行预测和控制。选取基于NACA、DU翼型的某风力机叶片作为研究基准，采用修正BPM半经验模型计算叶片的气动噪声特性，通过改变翼型族、弦长、机组运行状态、风切变指数、来流风向参数，研究叶片外形几何参数、机组运行工况对叶片气动噪声源的影响。计算结果从多个角度总结出水平轴风力机叶片气动噪声的变化规律，为开发高效低噪风电叶片提供参考。     

受限亚音速气流中倒置悬臂壁板静气弹稳定性的理论及实验研究

板壳结构在航空航天、高速列车、能量采集等诸多工程领域已经得到了广泛应用. 将悬臂壁板倒置于轴向气流中并在壁板周围流场中设置刚性壁面可有效地调控壁板的失稳速度, 是俘能器优化设计的重要措施之一. 但针对刚性壁面作用下亚音速气流中倒置悬臂壁板的失稳机制仍需要开展深入研究. 本文以受限亚音速气流中倒置的二维悬臂壁板为对象, 以理论分析及风洞实验为手段, 研究了单侧刚性壁面效应对倒置悬臂壁板静态失稳特性的影响规律. 在理论分析中, 首先应用镜像函数法来处理壁面约束条件, 基于算子理论研究获得了以Possio积分方程为表征的壁板气动力, 壁面效应实际表征为一包含移位Tricomi算子的复合算子; 然后将壁板失稳方程的求解问题转化为定区间上的函数逼近问题; 最后, 依据Wererstrass定理并利用最小二乘法求解该最优函数, 以获得系统的失稳临界参数. 在试验研究中依据压杆稳定原理设计了壁板静态失稳的测试方法并完成了风洞实验. 理论分析结果表明, 壁板会发生发散(静气动弹性)失稳, 临界动压随壁板与壁面间距的增加而增大并最终趋于稳定(无壁面情况); 通过理论与风洞实验结果的对比分析, 验证了本文气动力及理论分析的适用性及准确性. 针对倒置悬臂壁板结构的气动弹性失稳问题, 本文提出的方法不涉及系统方程的离散及特征值求解问题, 而是将其转化为了定区间上的函数逼近问题进行求解, 这为弹性结构静气动弹性失稳问题的研究提供了一个可行的新思路.      

Human-to-metal electrostatic discharge current measurements – Notes on the ESD current waveform

The Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) phenomenon has been described through the IEC 61000-4-2. ESD current parameters' values, have been set in this Standard. The theoretical ESD current waveform defined in this standard, describing the conventional Contact discharge mode, needs to be re-evaluated on the basis of accurate experimental data. Even though the standard deals with commercial ESD generators, its goal is to simulate the natural phenomenon as good as possible. More and accurate data may contribute to the better simulation of the natural phenomenon. New values and better comprehension of the phenomenon demand new measurements based on high end measuring equipment. Such works and publications have been carried out the past years. Yet, the need to systematize and integrate this work remains. Larger and trust-worthy series of measurements need to be carried out and presented clearly.This paper deals with new ESD-current data, taken with broadband equipment. New and more detailed measurements like these, were never before taken at such a large number of individuals. The goal of this work is that the data acquired can serve as a basis for re-evaluating the conventional approach of the scientific community to the ESD event.In this paper, using a broadband measuring system, new parameters' values are measured and relations are presented, following standard statistical procedures. The results, which occur from measurements carried out on tenths of human individuals, are questioning the Standard in many points. A new way of approaching the standardization of the ESD current is proposed, as the excuse of the poor measuring equipment that sets barriers on the measuring accuracy, does not apply any more. The charging voltages of 500 V and 1000 V were also examined since such range of voltages are often met at ESD events and they are considered very harmful.     

基于LBM方法的风力发电机尾流结构仿真

针对传统CFD数值计算方法难以实现风力机动态旋转及其旋转状态下的流固耦合计算,本文结合格子玻尔兹曼(LBM)方法易于处理动态复杂边界的特点及大涡模拟(LES)方法在非稳态涡流结构捕捉上的优势,采用LBM-LES联合方法进行三维风力发电机整机气动性能及尾流结构仿真研究,同时采用尺度自适应方法对尾涡结构进行跟踪和精细化计算。针对NREL PhaseⅥ型试验机进行模拟,得到了与实验结果吻合的流动形态及尾流结构演变规律,分析了尾流区速度演变规律并对比了不同亚格子湍流模型对计算结果的影响.     

强耦合腔-QED系统中原子的纳秒脉冲激发光谱研究

本文在多原子强耦合腔-QED系统中,利用脉冲宽度为5 ns的强脉冲光在垂直于腔轴方向直接激发原子,脉冲的峰值功率为40 mW,通过光学腔观测激发原子辐射到腔中的光子获得相应的激发光谱。我们发现当光场频率和原子跃迁失谐±80 MHz时原子激发率达到最大,而在共振时原子激发被抑制。我们建立了脉冲光与三能级原子相互作用的模型,通过缀饰态能够解释此现象。     

Quantifying interference in multipartite quantum systems

The characterization of quantum correlations is crucial to the development of new quantum technologies and to understand how dramatically quantum theory departs from classical physics. Here we systematically study single- and multiparticle interference patterns produced by general two- and three-qubit systems. From this we establish on phenomenological grounds a new type of quantum correlation for these systems, which we name quantum interference, deriving some quantifiers that are given explicitly in terms of the density matrix elements of the complete system. By using these quantifiers, we show that, contrary to our expectations, entanglement is not a required property for a composite quantum system to manifest multiparticle interference.     

群集建筑中大跨裙摆屋盖风荷载特性的数值模拟研究

以苏州太平金融大厦为工程背景,针对其大跨裙摆屋盖的风荷载作用,首先采用RNG k-ε模型模拟分析了其平均风压分布规律,以及风向变化对屋盖表面风荷载体型系数的影响;其次,引入干扰因子IF,探讨了周边建筑对大跨裙摆屋盖风荷载的气动干扰作用。结果表明:0°风向下,走廊上方屋盖两侧区域出现“上吸下顶”的叠加作用;90°风向下屋盖北侧飘带末端区域受到狭道风效应出现正压集中现象;风向变化对大跨裙摆屋盖的风荷载体型系数分布影响较大;且周围建筑物对大跨裙摆屋盖的气动干扰效应明显,主要表现为风压“遮挡效应”,而局部区域表现为风压“放大效应”。